Reproductive Health

Reproductive health is not limited to fertility or contraception. It means physical, mental, and social well-being in all matters related to reproduction. The chapter also addresses sexually transmitted infections (STIs), awareness, counselling, and the public-health side of responsible reproduction.

STIs such as gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, hepatitis B, and HIV/AIDS are high-yield because NEET often asks either the causative agent or the reason early diagnosis matters.

Natural methods include periodic abstinence, withdrawal, and lactational amenorrhea. Barrier methods include condoms and diaphragms. Intrauterine devices such as Copper-T reduce the chance of fertilisation by affecting sperm motility and uterine conditions.

Hormonal methods typically prevent ovulation and also alter cervical mucus or the endometrium. Emergency pills are used within a short time after unprotected intercourse and are not regular long-term planning tools.

Surgical methods include vasectomy in males and tubectomy in females. These are usually chosen as permanent methods after desired family size is completed.

Infertility can arise due to factors in either partner. Modern medicine uses ART methods such as IVF-ET, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI, and related procedures to help conception. The exam usually checks whether you can distinguish where fertilisation happens and where the zygote or embryo is transferred.

This part is concept-heavy but very scoreable because most options differ by one transport step or one abbreviation.

Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) is safer under proper medical guidance and is not a substitute for routine contraception. Amniocentesis was developed for prenatal diagnosis, but misuse for sex determination led to legal restrictions.