Mineral vs ore
1. An ore is a mineral from which metal can be extracted:
- A. conveniently and economically (Correct)
- B. only by electrolysis always
- C. without purification
- D. only in pure form
Explanation: That is the practical distinction used in metallurgy.
Concentration
2. Removal of gangue from ore before extraction is called:
- A. concentration of ore (Correct)
- B. calcination
- C. roasting
- D. refining
Explanation: The ore is enriched before reduction.
Calcination
3. Calcination is generally heating of ore in:
- A. limited or no air (Correct)
- B. excess air
- C. hydrogen atmosphere only
- D. vacuum always
Explanation: It is often used for carbonates and hydrated ores.
Roasting
4. Roasting is generally heating of sulfide ores in:
- A. excess air (Correct)
- B. absence of air
- C. water only
- D. alkaline medium
Explanation: Sulfides are converted into oxides or sulfates.
Flux
5. A flux is added during smelting mainly to:
- A. remove gangue as slag (Correct)
- B. increase atomic mass
- C. decrease melting point of metal only
- D. oxidize the metal always
Explanation: Flux combines with gangue to form fusible slag.
Slag
6. Slag is generally formed by reaction of:
- A. gangue with flux (Correct)
- B. metal with air
- C. ore with hydrogen
- D. electrolyte with electrode
Explanation: This removes impurities during extraction.
Reducing agent
7. Carbon monoxide acts as reducing agent in metallurgy because it:
- A. removes oxygen from metal oxide (Correct)
- B. adds oxygen to ore
- C. forms only slag
- D. acts as flux
Explanation: It reduces many oxides to metals.
Thermite
8. Thermite reduction commonly uses:
- A. aluminium powder (Correct)
- B. sodium chloride
- C. hydrogen peroxide
- D. nitric acid
Explanation: Aluminium reduces oxides like Fe$_2$O$_3$ strongly.
Ellingham
9. The Ellingham diagram mainly compares oxide stability through:
- A. Gibbs free energy vs temperature (Correct)
- B. molarity vs time
- C. atomic radius vs atomic number
- D. boiling point vs pressure
Explanation: It predicts reduction feasibility.
Carbon reduction
10. A metal oxide can be reduced by carbon if carbon oxidation line lies:
- A. below the metal oxide line at that temperature (Correct)
- B. above the metal oxide line always
- C. parallel to it
- D. at zero slope
Explanation: Lower 螖G means the reducing reaction is feasible.
Refining
11. Electrolytic refining is commonly used for:
- A. copper (Correct)
- B. sodium only
- C. aluminium only not copper
- D. all noble gases
Explanation: Impure copper is anode and pure copper is cathode.
Zone refining
12. Zone refining is especially useful for metals required in very high purity such as:
- A. semiconductor-grade silicon and germanium (Correct)
- B. iron only
- C. zinc only
- D. magnesium only
Explanation: Impurities concentrate in the molten zone.
Vapour phase
13. Mond process is used for refining:
- A. nickel (Correct)
- B. iron
- C. copper
- D. aluminium
Explanation: It forms volatile nickel carbonyl.
Vapour phase
14. Van Arkel method is used for refining:
- A. Zr and Ti (Correct)
- B. Cu and Zn
- C. Na and K
- D. Au and Ag
Explanation: Volatile iodides decompose on hot filament.
Leaching
15. Bauxite is purified by leaching in:
- A. Bayer process (Correct)
- B. Hall process
- C. Mond process
- D. contact process
Explanation: Alumina is extracted from bauxite solution route.
Extraction
16. Aluminium is extracted from alumina by:
- A. electrolysis of fused alumina with cryolite (Correct)
- B. reduction with carbon only
- C. thermite process
- D. roasting only
Explanation: Hall-Heroult process is used.
Cryolite
17. Cryolite is added in aluminium extraction mainly to:
- A. lower melting point and increase conductivity (Correct)
- B. oxidize aluminium
- C. act as cathode
- D. form alloy directly
Explanation: Pure alumina has a very high melting point.
Copper matte
18. Copper matte mainly contains:
- A. Cu$_2$S and FeS (Correct)
- B. CuO and Fe$_2$O$_3$
- C. pure copper only
- D. CuCl and NaCl
Explanation: It is an intermediate in copper extraction.
Froth flotation
19. Froth flotation is mainly used for concentration of:
- A. sulfide ores (Correct)
- B. oxide ores only
- C. native metals only
- D. carbonate ores only
Explanation: Ore particles are preferentially wetted by oil.
MacArthur-Forrest
20. Cyanide process is used for extraction of:
- A. gold and silver (Correct)
- B. iron and copper
- C. aluminium and magnesium
- D. sodium and potassium
Explanation: It forms soluble complex cyanides.
Gangue
21. Earthy impurities associated with ore are called:
- A. gangue (Correct)
- B. slag
- C. flux
- D. matte
Explanation: Gangue must be removed before extraction.
Self reduction
22. Self-reduction process is seen in extraction of some:
- A. sulfide ores (Correct)
- B. halides only
- C. noble gases
- D. alkali metals
Explanation: Part of sulfide is oxidized and then reduces remaining oxide.
Metallurgy logic
23. A strong scoring method in metallurgy is to separate concentration, reduction, and:
- A. refining steps (Correct)
- B. hybridization steps
- C. solubility-product steps
- D. electrophilic substitutions
Explanation: This mirrors the chapter workflow.
Overall
24. The most common direct NEET asks from metallurgy are named processes, refining methods, and:
- A. ore-treatment logic (Correct)
- B. radioactive decay
- C. molecular orbital theory
- D. osmotic-pressure ranking
Explanation: Stepwise extraction logic dominates the chapter.
Refractory
25. A refractory lining in furnaces is chosen mainly for:
- A. high thermal stability (Correct)
- B. high sweetness
- C. high volatility
- D. high solubility
Explanation: Furnaces operate at high temperatures.
Mineral vs ore
26. An ore is a mineral from which metal can be extracted:
- A. conveniently and economically (Correct)
- B. only by electrolysis always
- C. without purification
- D. only in pure form
Explanation: That is the practical distinction used in metallurgy.
Concentration
27. Removal of gangue from ore before extraction is called:
- A. concentration of ore (Correct)
- B. calcination
- C. roasting
- D. refining
Explanation: The ore is enriched before reduction.
Calcination
28. Calcination is generally heating of ore in:
- A. limited or no air (Correct)
- B. excess air
- C. hydrogen atmosphere only
- D. vacuum always
Explanation: It is often used for carbonates and hydrated ores.
Roasting
29. Roasting is generally heating of sulfide ores in:
- A. excess air (Correct)
- B. absence of air
- C. water only
- D. alkaline medium
Explanation: Sulfides are converted into oxides or sulfates.
Flux
30. A flux is added during smelting mainly to:
- A. remove gangue as slag (Correct)
- B. increase atomic mass
- C. decrease melting point of metal only
- D. oxidize the metal always
Explanation: Flux combines with gangue to form fusible slag.
Slag
31. Slag is generally formed by reaction of:
- A. gangue with flux (Correct)
- B. metal with air
- C. ore with hydrogen
- D. electrolyte with electrode
Explanation: This removes impurities during extraction.
Reducing agent
32. Carbon monoxide acts as reducing agent in metallurgy because it:
- A. removes oxygen from metal oxide (Correct)
- B. adds oxygen to ore
- C. forms only slag
- D. acts as flux
Explanation: It reduces many oxides to metals.
Thermite
33. Thermite reduction commonly uses:
- A. aluminium powder (Correct)
- B. sodium chloride
- C. hydrogen peroxide
- D. nitric acid
Explanation: Aluminium reduces oxides like Fe$_2$O$_3$ strongly.
Ellingham
34. The Ellingham diagram mainly compares oxide stability through:
- A. Gibbs free energy vs temperature (Correct)
- B. molarity vs time
- C. atomic radius vs atomic number
- D. boiling point vs pressure
Explanation: It predicts reduction feasibility.
Carbon reduction
35. A metal oxide can be reduced by carbon if carbon oxidation line lies:
- A. below the metal oxide line at that temperature (Correct)
- B. above the metal oxide line always
- C. parallel to it
- D. at zero slope
Explanation: Lower 螖G means the reducing reaction is feasible.
Refining
36. Electrolytic refining is commonly used for:
- A. copper (Correct)
- B. sodium only
- C. aluminium only not copper
- D. all noble gases
Explanation: Impure copper is anode and pure copper is cathode.
Zone refining
37. Zone refining is especially useful for metals required in very high purity such as:
- A. semiconductor-grade silicon and germanium (Correct)
- B. iron only
- C. zinc only
- D. magnesium only
Explanation: Impurities concentrate in the molten zone.
Vapour phase
38. Mond process is used for refining:
- A. nickel (Correct)
- B. iron
- C. copper
- D. aluminium
Explanation: It forms volatile nickel carbonyl.
Vapour phase
39. Van Arkel method is used for refining:
- A. Zr and Ti (Correct)
- B. Cu and Zn
- C. Na and K
- D. Au and Ag
Explanation: Volatile iodides decompose on hot filament.
Leaching
40. Bauxite is purified by leaching in:
- A. Bayer process (Correct)
- B. Hall process
- C. Mond process
- D. contact process
Explanation: Alumina is extracted from bauxite solution route.
Extraction
41. Aluminium is extracted from alumina by:
- A. electrolysis of fused alumina with cryolite (Correct)
- B. reduction with carbon only
- C. thermite process
- D. roasting only
Explanation: Hall-Heroult process is used.
Cryolite
42. Cryolite is added in aluminium extraction mainly to:
- A. lower melting point and increase conductivity (Correct)
- B. oxidize aluminium
- C. act as cathode
- D. form alloy directly
Explanation: Pure alumina has a very high melting point.
Copper matte
43. Copper matte mainly contains:
- A. Cu$_2$S and FeS (Correct)
- B. CuO and Fe$_2$O$_3$
- C. pure copper only
- D. CuCl and NaCl
Explanation: It is an intermediate in copper extraction.
Froth flotation
44. Froth flotation is mainly used for concentration of:
- A. sulfide ores (Correct)
- B. oxide ores only
- C. native metals only
- D. carbonate ores only
Explanation: Ore particles are preferentially wetted by oil.
MacArthur-Forrest
45. Cyanide process is used for extraction of:
- A. gold and silver (Correct)
- B. iron and copper
- C. aluminium and magnesium
- D. sodium and potassium
Explanation: It forms soluble complex cyanides.
Gangue
46. Earthy impurities associated with ore are called:
- A. gangue (Correct)
- B. slag
- C. flux
- D. matte
Explanation: Gangue must be removed before extraction.
Self reduction
47. Self-reduction process is seen in extraction of some:
- A. sulfide ores (Correct)
- B. halides only
- C. noble gases
- D. alkali metals
Explanation: Part of sulfide is oxidized and then reduces remaining oxide.
Metallurgy logic
48. A strong scoring method in metallurgy is to separate concentration, reduction, and:
- A. refining steps (Correct)
- B. hybridization steps
- C. solubility-product steps
- D. electrophilic substitutions
Explanation: This mirrors the chapter workflow.
Overall
49. The most common direct NEET asks from metallurgy are named processes, refining methods, and:
- A. ore-treatment logic (Correct)
- B. radioactive decay
- C. molecular orbital theory
- D. osmotic-pressure ranking
Explanation: Stepwise extraction logic dominates the chapter.
Refractory
50. A refractory lining in furnaces is chosen mainly for:
- A. high thermal stability (Correct)
- B. high sweetness
- C. high volatility
- D. high solubility
Explanation: Furnaces operate at high temperatures.
Mineral vs ore
51. An ore is a mineral from which metal can be extracted:
- A. conveniently and economically (Correct)
- B. only by electrolysis always
- C. without purification
- D. only in pure form
Explanation: That is the practical distinction used in metallurgy.
Concentration
52. Removal of gangue from ore before extraction is called:
- A. concentration of ore (Correct)
- B. calcination
- C. roasting
- D. refining
Explanation: The ore is enriched before reduction.
Calcination
53. Calcination is generally heating of ore in:
- A. limited or no air (Correct)
- B. excess air
- C. hydrogen atmosphere only
- D. vacuum always
Explanation: It is often used for carbonates and hydrated ores.
Roasting
54. Roasting is generally heating of sulfide ores in:
- A. excess air (Correct)
- B. absence of air
- C. water only
- D. alkaline medium
Explanation: Sulfides are converted into oxides or sulfates.
Flux
55. A flux is added during smelting mainly to:
- A. remove gangue as slag (Correct)
- B. increase atomic mass
- C. decrease melting point of metal only
- D. oxidize the metal always
Explanation: Flux combines with gangue to form fusible slag.
Slag
56. Slag is generally formed by reaction of:
- A. gangue with flux (Correct)
- B. metal with air
- C. ore with hydrogen
- D. electrolyte with electrode
Explanation: This removes impurities during extraction.
Reducing agent
57. Carbon monoxide acts as reducing agent in metallurgy because it:
- A. removes oxygen from metal oxide (Correct)
- B. adds oxygen to ore
- C. forms only slag
- D. acts as flux
Explanation: It reduces many oxides to metals.
Thermite
58. Thermite reduction commonly uses:
- A. aluminium powder (Correct)
- B. sodium chloride
- C. hydrogen peroxide
- D. nitric acid
Explanation: Aluminium reduces oxides like Fe$_2$O$_3$ strongly.
Ellingham
59. The Ellingham diagram mainly compares oxide stability through:
- A. Gibbs free energy vs temperature (Correct)
- B. molarity vs time
- C. atomic radius vs atomic number
- D. boiling point vs pressure
Explanation: It predicts reduction feasibility.
Carbon reduction
60. A metal oxide can be reduced by carbon if carbon oxidation line lies:
- A. below the metal oxide line at that temperature (Correct)
- B. above the metal oxide line always
- C. parallel to it
- D. at zero slope
Explanation: Lower 螖G means the reducing reaction is feasible.
Refining
61. Electrolytic refining is commonly used for:
- A. copper (Correct)
- B. sodium only
- C. aluminium only not copper
- D. all noble gases
Explanation: Impure copper is anode and pure copper is cathode.
Zone refining
62. Zone refining is especially useful for metals required in very high purity such as:
- A. semiconductor-grade silicon and germanium (Correct)
- B. iron only
- C. zinc only
- D. magnesium only
Explanation: Impurities concentrate in the molten zone.
Vapour phase
63. Mond process is used for refining:
- A. nickel (Correct)
- B. iron
- C. copper
- D. aluminium
Explanation: It forms volatile nickel carbonyl.
Vapour phase
64. Van Arkel method is used for refining:
- A. Zr and Ti (Correct)
- B. Cu and Zn
- C. Na and K
- D. Au and Ag
Explanation: Volatile iodides decompose on hot filament.
Leaching
65. Bauxite is purified by leaching in:
- A. Bayer process (Correct)
- B. Hall process
- C. Mond process
- D. contact process
Explanation: Alumina is extracted from bauxite solution route.
Extraction
66. Aluminium is extracted from alumina by:
- A. electrolysis of fused alumina with cryolite (Correct)
- B. reduction with carbon only
- C. thermite process
- D. roasting only
Explanation: Hall-Heroult process is used.
Cryolite
67. Cryolite is added in aluminium extraction mainly to:
- A. lower melting point and increase conductivity (Correct)
- B. oxidize aluminium
- C. act as cathode
- D. form alloy directly
Explanation: Pure alumina has a very high melting point.
Copper matte
68. Copper matte mainly contains:
- A. Cu$_2$S and FeS (Correct)
- B. CuO and Fe$_2$O$_3$
- C. pure copper only
- D. CuCl and NaCl
Explanation: It is an intermediate in copper extraction.
Froth flotation
69. Froth flotation is mainly used for concentration of:
- A. sulfide ores (Correct)
- B. oxide ores only
- C. native metals only
- D. carbonate ores only
Explanation: Ore particles are preferentially wetted by oil.
MacArthur-Forrest
70. Cyanide process is used for extraction of:
- A. gold and silver (Correct)
- B. iron and copper
- C. aluminium and magnesium
- D. sodium and potassium
Explanation: It forms soluble complex cyanides.
Gangue
71. Earthy impurities associated with ore are called:
- A. gangue (Correct)
- B. slag
- C. flux
- D. matte
Explanation: Gangue must be removed before extraction.
Self reduction
72. Self-reduction process is seen in extraction of some:
- A. sulfide ores (Correct)
- B. halides only
- C. noble gases
- D. alkali metals
Explanation: Part of sulfide is oxidized and then reduces remaining oxide.
Metallurgy logic
73. A strong scoring method in metallurgy is to separate concentration, reduction, and:
- A. refining steps (Correct)
- B. hybridization steps
- C. solubility-product steps
- D. electrophilic substitutions
Explanation: This mirrors the chapter workflow.
Overall
74. The most common direct NEET asks from metallurgy are named processes, refining methods, and:
- A. ore-treatment logic (Correct)
- B. radioactive decay
- C. molecular orbital theory
- D. osmotic-pressure ranking
Explanation: Stepwise extraction logic dominates the chapter.
Refractory
75. A refractory lining in furnaces is chosen mainly for:
- A. high thermal stability (Correct)
- B. high sweetness
- C. high volatility
- D. high solubility
Explanation: Furnaces operate at high temperatures.
Mineral vs ore
76. An ore is a mineral from which metal can be extracted:
- A. conveniently and economically (Correct)
- B. only by electrolysis always
- C. without purification
- D. only in pure form
Explanation: That is the practical distinction used in metallurgy.
Concentration
77. Removal of gangue from ore before extraction is called:
- A. concentration of ore (Correct)
- B. calcination
- C. roasting
- D. refining
Explanation: The ore is enriched before reduction.
Calcination
78. Calcination is generally heating of ore in:
- A. limited or no air (Correct)
- B. excess air
- C. hydrogen atmosphere only
- D. vacuum always
Explanation: It is often used for carbonates and hydrated ores.
Roasting
79. Roasting is generally heating of sulfide ores in:
- A. excess air (Correct)
- B. absence of air
- C. water only
- D. alkaline medium
Explanation: Sulfides are converted into oxides or sulfates.
Flux
80. A flux is added during smelting mainly to:
- A. remove gangue as slag (Correct)
- B. increase atomic mass
- C. decrease melting point of metal only
- D. oxidize the metal always
Explanation: Flux combines with gangue to form fusible slag.
Slag
81. Slag is generally formed by reaction of:
- A. gangue with flux (Correct)
- B. metal with air
- C. ore with hydrogen
- D. electrolyte with electrode
Explanation: This removes impurities during extraction.
Reducing agent
82. Carbon monoxide acts as reducing agent in metallurgy because it:
- A. removes oxygen from metal oxide (Correct)
- B. adds oxygen to ore
- C. forms only slag
- D. acts as flux
Explanation: It reduces many oxides to metals.
Thermite
83. Thermite reduction commonly uses:
- A. aluminium powder (Correct)
- B. sodium chloride
- C. hydrogen peroxide
- D. nitric acid
Explanation: Aluminium reduces oxides like Fe$_2$O$_3$ strongly.
Ellingham
84. The Ellingham diagram mainly compares oxide stability through:
- A. Gibbs free energy vs temperature (Correct)
- B. molarity vs time
- C. atomic radius vs atomic number
- D. boiling point vs pressure
Explanation: It predicts reduction feasibility.
Carbon reduction
85. A metal oxide can be reduced by carbon if carbon oxidation line lies:
- A. below the metal oxide line at that temperature (Correct)
- B. above the metal oxide line always
- C. parallel to it
- D. at zero slope
Explanation: Lower 螖G means the reducing reaction is feasible.
Refining
86. Electrolytic refining is commonly used for:
- A. copper (Correct)
- B. sodium only
- C. aluminium only not copper
- D. all noble gases
Explanation: Impure copper is anode and pure copper is cathode.
Zone refining
87. Zone refining is especially useful for metals required in very high purity such as:
- A. semiconductor-grade silicon and germanium (Correct)
- B. iron only
- C. zinc only
- D. magnesium only
Explanation: Impurities concentrate in the molten zone.
Vapour phase
88. Mond process is used for refining:
- A. nickel (Correct)
- B. iron
- C. copper
- D. aluminium
Explanation: It forms volatile nickel carbonyl.
Vapour phase
89. Van Arkel method is used for refining:
- A. Zr and Ti (Correct)
- B. Cu and Zn
- C. Na and K
- D. Au and Ag
Explanation: Volatile iodides decompose on hot filament.
Leaching
90. Bauxite is purified by leaching in:
- A. Bayer process (Correct)
- B. Hall process
- C. Mond process
- D. contact process
Explanation: Alumina is extracted from bauxite solution route.
Extraction
91. Aluminium is extracted from alumina by:
- A. electrolysis of fused alumina with cryolite (Correct)
- B. reduction with carbon only
- C. thermite process
- D. roasting only
Explanation: Hall-Heroult process is used.
Cryolite
92. Cryolite is added in aluminium extraction mainly to:
- A. lower melting point and increase conductivity (Correct)
- B. oxidize aluminium
- C. act as cathode
- D. form alloy directly
Explanation: Pure alumina has a very high melting point.
Copper matte
93. Copper matte mainly contains:
- A. Cu$_2$S and FeS (Correct)
- B. CuO and Fe$_2$O$_3$
- C. pure copper only
- D. CuCl and NaCl
Explanation: It is an intermediate in copper extraction.
Froth flotation
94. Froth flotation is mainly used for concentration of:
- A. sulfide ores (Correct)
- B. oxide ores only
- C. native metals only
- D. carbonate ores only
Explanation: Ore particles are preferentially wetted by oil.
MacArthur-Forrest
95. Cyanide process is used for extraction of:
- A. gold and silver (Correct)
- B. iron and copper
- C. aluminium and magnesium
- D. sodium and potassium
Explanation: It forms soluble complex cyanides.
Gangue
96. Earthy impurities associated with ore are called:
- A. gangue (Correct)
- B. slag
- C. flux
- D. matte
Explanation: Gangue must be removed before extraction.
Self reduction
97. Self-reduction process is seen in extraction of some:
- A. sulfide ores (Correct)
- B. halides only
- C. noble gases
- D. alkali metals
Explanation: Part of sulfide is oxidized and then reduces remaining oxide.
Metallurgy logic
98. A strong scoring method in metallurgy is to separate concentration, reduction, and:
- A. refining steps (Correct)
- B. hybridization steps
- C. solubility-product steps
- D. electrophilic substitutions
Explanation: This mirrors the chapter workflow.
Overall
99. The most common direct NEET asks from metallurgy are named processes, refining methods, and:
- A. ore-treatment logic (Correct)
- B. radioactive decay
- C. molecular orbital theory
- D. osmotic-pressure ranking
Explanation: Stepwise extraction logic dominates the chapter.
Refractory
100. A refractory lining in furnaces is chosen mainly for:
- A. high thermal stability (Correct)
- B. high sweetness
- C. high volatility
- D. high solubility
Explanation: Furnaces operate at high temperatures.
Mineral vs ore
101. An ore is a mineral from which metal can be extracted:
- A. conveniently and economically (Correct)
- B. only by electrolysis always
- C. without purification
- D. only in pure form
Explanation: That is the practical distinction used in metallurgy.
Concentration
102. Removal of gangue from ore before extraction is called:
- A. concentration of ore (Correct)
- B. calcination
- C. roasting
- D. refining
Explanation: The ore is enriched before reduction.
Calcination
103. Calcination is generally heating of ore in:
- A. limited or no air (Correct)
- B. excess air
- C. hydrogen atmosphere only
- D. vacuum always
Explanation: It is often used for carbonates and hydrated ores.
Roasting
104. Roasting is generally heating of sulfide ores in:
- A. excess air (Correct)
- B. absence of air
- C. water only
- D. alkaline medium
Explanation: Sulfides are converted into oxides or sulfates.
Flux
105. A flux is added during smelting mainly to:
- A. remove gangue as slag (Correct)
- B. increase atomic mass
- C. decrease melting point of metal only
- D. oxidize the metal always
Explanation: Flux combines with gangue to form fusible slag.
Slag
106. Slag is generally formed by reaction of:
- A. gangue with flux (Correct)
- B. metal with air
- C. ore with hydrogen
- D. electrolyte with electrode
Explanation: This removes impurities during extraction.
Reducing agent
107. Carbon monoxide acts as reducing agent in metallurgy because it:
- A. removes oxygen from metal oxide (Correct)
- B. adds oxygen to ore
- C. forms only slag
- D. acts as flux
Explanation: It reduces many oxides to metals.
Thermite
108. Thermite reduction commonly uses:
- A. aluminium powder (Correct)
- B. sodium chloride
- C. hydrogen peroxide
- D. nitric acid
Explanation: Aluminium reduces oxides like Fe$_2$O$_3$ strongly.
Ellingham
109. The Ellingham diagram mainly compares oxide stability through:
- A. Gibbs free energy vs temperature (Correct)
- B. molarity vs time
- C. atomic radius vs atomic number
- D. boiling point vs pressure
Explanation: It predicts reduction feasibility.
Carbon reduction
110. A metal oxide can be reduced by carbon if carbon oxidation line lies:
- A. below the metal oxide line at that temperature (Correct)
- B. above the metal oxide line always
- C. parallel to it
- D. at zero slope
Explanation: Lower 螖G means the reducing reaction is feasible.
Refining
111. Electrolytic refining is commonly used for:
- A. copper (Correct)
- B. sodium only
- C. aluminium only not copper
- D. all noble gases
Explanation: Impure copper is anode and pure copper is cathode.
Zone refining
112. Zone refining is especially useful for metals required in very high purity such as:
- A. semiconductor-grade silicon and germanium (Correct)
- B. iron only
- C. zinc only
- D. magnesium only
Explanation: Impurities concentrate in the molten zone.
Vapour phase
113. Mond process is used for refining:
- A. nickel (Correct)
- B. iron
- C. copper
- D. aluminium
Explanation: It forms volatile nickel carbonyl.
Vapour phase
114. Van Arkel method is used for refining:
- A. Zr and Ti (Correct)
- B. Cu and Zn
- C. Na and K
- D. Au and Ag
Explanation: Volatile iodides decompose on hot filament.
Leaching
115. Bauxite is purified by leaching in:
- A. Bayer process (Correct)
- B. Hall process
- C. Mond process
- D. contact process
Explanation: Alumina is extracted from bauxite solution route.
Extraction
116. Aluminium is extracted from alumina by:
- A. electrolysis of fused alumina with cryolite (Correct)
- B. reduction with carbon only
- C. thermite process
- D. roasting only
Explanation: Hall-Heroult process is used.
Cryolite
117. Cryolite is added in aluminium extraction mainly to:
- A. lower melting point and increase conductivity (Correct)
- B. oxidize aluminium
- C. act as cathode
- D. form alloy directly
Explanation: Pure alumina has a very high melting point.
Copper matte
118. Copper matte mainly contains:
- A. Cu$_2$S and FeS (Correct)
- B. CuO and Fe$_2$O$_3$
- C. pure copper only
- D. CuCl and NaCl
Explanation: It is an intermediate in copper extraction.
Froth flotation
119. Froth flotation is mainly used for concentration of:
- A. sulfide ores (Correct)
- B. oxide ores only
- C. native metals only
- D. carbonate ores only
Explanation: Ore particles are preferentially wetted by oil.
MacArthur-Forrest
120. Cyanide process is used for extraction of:
- A. gold and silver (Correct)
- B. iron and copper
- C. aluminium and magnesium
- D. sodium and potassium
Explanation: It forms soluble complex cyanides.
Gangue
121. Earthy impurities associated with ore are called:
- A. gangue (Correct)
- B. slag
- C. flux
- D. matte
Explanation: Gangue must be removed before extraction.
Self reduction
122. Self-reduction process is seen in extraction of some:
- A. sulfide ores (Correct)
- B. halides only
- C. noble gases
- D. alkali metals
Explanation: Part of sulfide is oxidized and then reduces remaining oxide.
Metallurgy logic
123. A strong scoring method in metallurgy is to separate concentration, reduction, and:
- A. refining steps (Correct)
- B. hybridization steps
- C. solubility-product steps
- D. electrophilic substitutions
Explanation: This mirrors the chapter workflow.
Overall
124. The most common direct NEET asks from metallurgy are named processes, refining methods, and:
- A. ore-treatment logic (Correct)
- B. radioactive decay
- C. molecular orbital theory
- D. osmotic-pressure ranking
Explanation: Stepwise extraction logic dominates the chapter.
Refractory
125. A refractory lining in furnaces is chosen mainly for:
- A. high thermal stability (Correct)
- B. high sweetness
- C. high volatility
- D. high solubility
Explanation: Furnaces operate at high temperatures.